Exemptions are granted to edible oils and other specific exempt ingredients that are considered to pose minimum risk to humans. Safe and effective use of any oil as a pesticide, however, requires a basic understanding of its chemical nature, mode of action and limitations of use. Types of oils and oil products that are commercially available for use as pesticides are listed on page 4. These include oils distilled from petroleum also known as horticultural or mineral oils and oils extracted from plants and animals.
Most oil-based pesticides are used for insect control; but in many cases oil products also have fungicidal properties. Petroleum oils are highly refined, paraffinic oils that are used to manage pests and diseases of plants. Similar paraffinic oils are found in automotive and household lubricants and cleaners.
Petroleum oils may be referred to by many names, including horticultural oil, spray oil, dormant oil, summer oil, supreme oil, superior oil, Volck oil or white mineral oil. These names usually refer to particular types, uses or brands of petroleum oil. They could only be used in the fall and winter after leaf drop or in the spring before plant buds open. Because these older, dormant oil sprays would damage growing foliage, they were used mainly to combat the overwintering stages of the pest or pathogen.
Modern, petroleum-based horticultural oils are refined to standard specifications. The unsulfonated residue UR is a measure of the degree of oil refinement and is expressed as a percentage. Oils contain saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons are more stable than unsaturated hydrocarbons, which can form toxic substances when sprayed on plants.
In general, the higher the UR, the less unsaturated hydrocarbon content in the oil and the less likelihood of plant injury. Dormant oils have UR between 50 and 90 percent; summer oils, between percent. Stylet oils are highly refined horticultural oils and have UR above 99 percent. In general, the lower the viscosity, the less likelihood for plant injury. The viscosity of horticultural oils varies between 60 and Distillation range is a measure of the purity of the oil fraction and is expressed as a temperature range degrees Fahrenheit.
The temperature range represents the boiling point of the oil components at 10 and 90 percent distillation. In general, the more narrow the distillation range, the more predictable the performance of the oil when sprayed on plants. Plant oils include oils extracted from plant seeds, leaves, stems or flowers.
They contain fatty acids and other lipids. Some of the most common fatty acids in plant oils are palmitic, steric, linoleic and olec acids. Neem oil is extracted from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica. Some neem oil products contain an additional active ingredient, azadirachtin. It is considered an insect anti-feeding agent and insect growth regulator.
Canola oil is extracted from rape, Brassica napus and B. It is generally sold as dormant oil although there are products recommended for the growing season.
Soybean oil is extracted from the widely grown legume, Glycine max. Soybean oil and cottonseed oil are extracted from cotton, Gossypium hirsutum. They are commonly used in food and feed products. Many plant oils are exempt from EPA regulations and some are sold for organic production. Fish oils are very similar in chemical composition to plant oils.
Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment The chemical company Bayer also makes a "natural" insect killing product called Natria. It's most prominent active ingredient? Soybean oil most of which is almost certainly genetically modified. Much like canola oil, soybean oil is nearly ubiquitous in the U. In his video, Adams asks the obvious question: If these oils kill insects so effectively, and if they are harmful to pets, skin and the environment, why are we eating them as part of our daily diet?
If you want a low-cost but highly-effective natural pesticide, just buy canola oil from your grocery store and spray that on bugs. Plus, it's less than half the cost of the natural pesticide products made almost entirely with canola oil. Dear patron, thank you for being our reader. Readers like you are an inspiration for us to move Agri Journalism forward. We need your support to keep delivering quality Agri Journalism and reach the farmers and people in every corner of rural India.
If mild conditions prevail in the fall, the cells in the wood and cambial layer may still be active.
Spraying oil will block and seal the pores and hinder the normal gas exchange killing off the tissue. In our northern climate it is important to have a minimum of 48 cumulative hours of below-freezing temperatures before we can safely apply oil at the dormant rates.
Normally, it will take a few days with the temperatures in low twenties or in the teens to satisfy this requirement and stop any activity on the cellular level in the trees. Oil applications at this time followed by mild weather are not a problem. However, if the period of above-normal temperatures is followed by a sudden drop in temperatures after the trees have been sprayed, significant tissue damage will occur.
Superior oils are relatively safe and most fruit trees will tolerate. Severely stressed plants should not be sprayed with the oil. When working with oils, it is important to pay attention to the pressure and agitation.
Spray should be done at lower pressure never to exceed PSI. Damage may and will also occur if the sprayer agitation is not working properly.
Under this scenario, the oil will tend to separate and result in non-uniform concentrations on the plant. Oil is not compatible with Captan, Sulfur or any other sulfur-containing compound. It is necessary to provide a safe interval two weeks between the oil application and use of any of the cited compounds. Otherwise, phytotoxicity will occur. This article was published by Michigan State University Extension.
Early insect control with horticultural oils. What are horticultural oils? Oil effectiveness In the past, oils had different degrees of refinement. How do oils work? Best time to spray oil? Superior oils are relatively safe and most fruit trees will tolerate the application at summer rates. Hot mixes Oil is not compatible with Captan, Sulfur or any other sulfur-containing compound.
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