Excessive doses can have the same effect. This can produce increased, hypertonic uterine contractions, possibly prolonged, resulting in a number of adverse reactions such as cervical laceration, postpartum hemorrhage, pelvic hematoma, and uterine rupture. Oxytocin-induced afibrinogenemia has been reported; it results in increased postpartum bleeding and can potentially be life-threatening.
Neonatal retinal hemorrhage has been reported. Also, intracranial bleeding including subarachnoid hemorrhage has been reported in patients receiving oxytocin. Adverse maternal cardiovascular effects from oxytocin may include arrhythmia exacerbation, premature ventricular contractions PVCs , and hypertension.
In the fetus or neonate, fetal bradycardia, PVCs, and other arrhythmias have been noted. For example, water intoxication with seizures and coma has occurred in association with a slow oxytocin infusion over a hour period. Management of water intoxication includes immediate oxytocin cessation and supportive therapy.
In the fetus or neonate, fetal death, permanent CNS or brain damage, and neonatal seizures have been noted with oxytocin. Oxytocin administration has been associated with anaphylactoid reactions. Oxytocin-induced labor has been implicated in an increased incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, about 1.
This can lead to neonatal jaundice. Nausea and vomiting have been noted with oxytoxin. Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible:. Side effects that usually do not require medical attention report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome :.
This list may not include all possible adverse reactions or side effects. Oxytocin Nasal Spray. Mechanism of Action Synthetic oxytocin elicits the same pharmacological response produced by endogenous oxytocin, with cervical dilation, parity, and gestational age as predictors of the dose response to oxytocin administration for labor stimulation.
Pharmacokinetics Oxytocin administered effectively by parenteral injection or nasal inhalation. Pregnancy Oxytocin is indicated during pregnancy to induce labor; it precipitates uterine contractions and abortion.
Do not take this medicine with any of the following medications: Ephedra, Ma Huang This medicine may also interact with the following medications: dinoprostone, prostaglandin E2 medicines for blood pressure medicines used for sleep during surgery other medicines to contract the uterus This list may not describe all possible interactions.
Do not freeze. Protect from light. Keep all medicine out of the reach of children. Throw away any medicine after the beyond use date. Do not flush unused medications or pour down a sink or drain. Neural oxytocinergic systems as genomic targets for hormones and as modulators of hormone-dependent behaviors.
Results Probl Cell Differ ; Plasma oxytocin levels in autistic children. Biol Psychiatry ; Induction of labor. For a hormone, oxytocin is pretty famous. Salespeople can buy oxytocin spray on the internet, to make their clients trust them. The authors of a new review article in Current Directions in Psychological Science , a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, takes a look at what oxytocin is really doing.
Experiments have found that, in games in which you can choose to cooperate or not, people who are given more oxytocin trust their fellow players more. Clinical trials have found that oxytocin can help people with autism, who have trouble in social situations.
Studies have also found that oxytocin can increase altruism, generosity, and other behaviors that are good for social life. Recent studies have found that people who were given oxytocin, then played a game of chance with a fake opponent, had more envy and gloating. That led some researchers to think that oxytocin promotes social emotions in general, both negative and positive. Rather than supporting all social emotions, they think it plays a role in promoting what psychologists call approach-related emotions.
These are emotions that have to do with wanting something, as opposed to shrinking away. If Kemp and Guastella are right, that could mean that oxytocin could also increase anger and other negative approach-related emotions. That could have important implications for people who are studying how to use oxytocin as a psychiatric treatment. Further research will show more about what emotions are promoted by oxytocin, Kemp says.
What studies have been done to ascertain specific effects of oxytocin on extreme introverts; or on individuals who have endured long periods of social isolation or whose occupations require it; or on individuals commonly known as loners, who spend almost all their time indoors and without any communication or social interaction? Have undertaken initial research with my son ASD aged 8 and have found the negative results quite profound.
Aim was to reduce selfish non empathetic behaviour, but instead induced rage at his position circumstantial and brought out colourful expressions, even though knowing they were bad and never to be said. Oh well back to the drawing board and Might help Dad. I suspect that oxytocin is threatening to people with ASD. Oxytocin is a mammalian hormone produced in the brain. More recently, a synthetic form of oxytocin — administered nasally — has been shown to promote trust, altruism, emotion recognition and increase sensitivity to eye gaze.
Oxytocin may make men more positive and loving towards their sexual partners. We suspect this is due to a shift in the perception and processing of positive social cues. The drug may also suppress the motivation for people with generalised anxiety disorders to withdraw from social situations. A study published in Biological Psychiatry reported that oxytocin enhanced a wide range of social behaviours, including increasing the negative emotions of gloating and envy.
And last year a study on borderline personality disorder — which is associated with significant difficulties in trusting others — found oxytocin actually decreased trust. This was clearly not what the authors hypothesised. Further examination of this data revealed the results were driven by participants who were sensitive to rejection.
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