Variegated claystone, mudstone, sandstone, and local beds of limestone. Morrison Fm: Variegated claystone, mudstone, sandstone, and local beds of limestone. Curtis Fm: glauconitic sandstone and limestone. Sundance Fm: Sandstone, shale, claystone, and limestone. Wanakah Fm: Sandstone, shale, limestone, and local gypsum. Summerville Fm: Shale and siltstone. Arkosic sandstone, siltstone, and shale; contains major coal deposits in Raton Basin.
Arkosic sandstone, conglomerate, shale, and limestone. Includes at base in some areas siltstone and shale of Molas Fm or Larsen Quartzite. Claystone, mudstone, and sandstone; in Sand Wash basin. Claystone, mudstone, sandstone, and conglomerate. Mudstone, sandstone, and carbonaceous shale; in Sand Wash basin. Miller recommended combining the Lake City Limestone with the Avon Park Limestone and, due to the common occurrence of dolostone, referred to the unit as the Avon Park Formation.
Carbonates of the Avon Park Formation are the oldest sediments exposed in the state. The Avon Park Formation consists of cream to light-brown or tan, poorly indurated to well indurated, variably fossiliferous, limestone grainstone, packstone and wackestone, with rare mudstone. These limestones are interbedded with tan to brown, very poorly indurated to well indurated, very fine to medium crystalline, fossiliferous molds and casts , vuggy dolostones. The fossils present include mollusks, foraminifers, echinoids, algae and carbonized plant remains.
Molds and casts of gypsum crystals occur locally. The lithology of the Tampa Member is very similar to that of the subsurface limestone part of the Arcadia Formation except that the Tampa Member contains noticeably less phosphate Scott, The limestone in the Tampa is white to yellowish gray, fossiliferous and variably sandy and clayey mudstone, wackestone and packstone with minor to no phosphate grains. Sand and clay beds are like those in the undifferentiated Arcadia Formation.
Mollusks and corals are common in the Tampa Member as molds and casts, silicified pseudomorphs and original shell material.
These sediments were mapped from Hillsborough County southward to Charlotte County. Within this area, the Peace River Formation is composed of interbedded sands, clays and carbonates. The sands are generally light gray to olive gray, poorly consolidated, clayey, variably dolomitic, very fine to medium grained and phosphatic.
The clays are yellowish gray to olive gray, poorly to moderately consolidated, sandy, silty, phosphatic and dolomitic. The carbonates are usually dolostone in the outcrop area. The dolostones are light gray to yellowish gray, poorly to well indurated, variably sandy and clayey, and phosphatic.
Opaline chert is often found in these sediments. The phosphate content of the Peace River Formation sands is frequently high enough to be economically mined. Fossil mollusks occur as reworked casts, molds, and limited original shell material.
Silicified corals and wood, and vertebrate fossils are also present. The Peace River Formation is widespread in southern Florida. Suwannee Limestone- Marianna Limestone undifferentiated - Undifferentiated Lower Oligocene Sediments - The undifferentiated Lower Oligocene sediments of the central panhandle consist of white to cream-colored, poorly to well indurated, variably fossiliferous limestones grainstone, packstone, wackestone and mudstone.
Glauconite occurs in some sediments. Siliciclastics form a minor component in some sediments. Thin beds of siliciclastics Byram Marl and Buccatuna Formation are included in the undifferentiated Lower Oligocene sediments. Dakota Formation Phanerozoic Mesozoic Cretaceous-Early White, gray, red, brown and tan kaolinitic claystone, mudstone, shale and siltstone interbedded with grayish to yellowish brown thick lenticular sandstone beds.
It also contains lignite and sandstone is commonly well cemented with iron oxide and calcite. Blounts Creek Member Phanerozoic Cenozoic Tertiary Miocene Pliocene gray to green silty clays, siltstones, and silts with abundant sand beds; some lignite and lenses of black chert gravel. East Berlin Formation Lower Jurassic East Berlin Formation - Reddish-brown to pale red arkosic sandstone and siltstone, and gray sandstone, gray mudstone, and black shale; interpreted as lake beds.
Assigned to Newark Supergroup Robinson and Luttrell, The East Berlin Formation of the Hartford basin contains eight facies: trough cross-bedded sandstones, horizontally stratified sandstones, interbedded sandstones and mudrocks, ripple cross-laminated siltstones, black shales, stratified mudrocks, disrupted shales, and disrupted mudstones. These facies are interpreted as a continental depositional system and are divided into two assemblages.
The lacustrine assemblage shales and mudrocks represents a saline lake-playa system Gierlowski-Kordesch, and Rust, Newbury Volcanic Complex - Upper members. Calcareous mudstone, red mudstone, and siliceous siltstone; fossils of Late Silurian through Early Devonian age. Newbury Volcanic Complex - Porphyritic andesite, includes tuffaceous mudstone beds containing fossils of Late Silurian through Early Devonian age.
New Haven Arkose - Red, pink, and gray coarse-grained, locally conglomeratic arkose interbedded with brick-red shaley siltstone and fine-grained arkosic sandstone; boundary between Lower Jurassic Jn and Upper Triassic TRn parts is arbitrarily drawn through clastic rocks of similar lithology below gray mudstone containing Lower Jurassic palynofloral zone; TRn is continuous with and lithically similar to TRs near Northampton. New Haven Arkose - Red, pink, and gray coarse-grained, locally conglomeratic arkose interbedded with brick-red shaley siltstone and fine-grained arkosic sandstone; boundary between Lower Jurassic Jn and Upper Triassic TRn parts is arbitrarily drawn through clastic rocks of similar lithology below gray mudstone containing Lower Jurassic palynofloral zone.
Shuttle Meadow Formation - Reddish-brown to pale red arkosic sandstone and siltstone, and gray sandstone, gray mudstone, and black shale; interpreted as lake beds. It consists of sandstone strata containing one interval of gray mudstone beds. The unit grades eastward along strike into a conglomeratic facies. Sugarloaf Formation - Red, pink, and gray coarse-grained, locally conglomeratic arkose, interbedded with brick-red shaley siltstone and fine-grained arkosic sandstone; boundary between Lower Jurassic Js, Jsc and Upper Triassic TRs parts are arbitrarily drawn through rocks of similar lithology on basis of Lower Jurassic palynofloral zone in gray mudstone immediately below Deerfield Jdb ; TRs is continuous with and lithically similar to TRn near Northampton.
Assigned to Newark Supergroup and revised to include all sedimentary strata in the Deerfield basin below the Deerfield Basalt or its projected horizon. The Late Triassic-Early Jurassic boundary is arbitrarily drawn through clastic rocks consisting of coarse-grained, locally conglomeratic arkose interbedded with sandstone and siltstone below a Lower Jurassic palynofloral zone in gray mudstone just below the base of the Deerfield Basalt.
Hampshire Formation Devonian Hampshire Formation - Interbedded red shale, red mudstone, and red to brown cross-bedded siltstone and sandstone; some thin green shale; greenish-gray sandstone and shale toward top; fragmentary plant fossils; thickness 1, to 2, feet in west, increases to 3, feet in east.
Mauch Chunk Formation - Red and green shale, reddish-purple mudstone, and red, green, brown, and gray thin-bedded and cross-bedded sandstones; thickness feet in west, increases to about feet in east. Pocono Group - Gray, white, tan, and brown, thin- to thick-bedded, cross-bedded sandstone, locally conglomeratic; interbedded gray and reddish-brown shale, mudstone, and siltstone; fragmentary plant fossils. Undifferentiated in Garrett and western Allegeny Counties. Includes Purslane Sandstone - White, thick-bedded, coarse-grained sandstone and conglomerate with thin coal beds and red shales.
Eastern Allegany and Washington Counties. And also inlcudes Rockwell Formation - Coarse-grained arkosic sandstone, fine-grained conglomerate, and buff shale; dark shale with thin coal beds near base. Wills Creek Shale - Olive to yellowish-gray, thin-bedded mudstone, calcareous shale, argillaceous limestone, and sandstone; thickness feet in west, increases to feet in east; and Bloomsburg Formation - Bright red, hematitic, thin- to thick-bedded sandstone and shale; some dark sandstone and green shale; Cedar Creek Limestone Member - Dark gray, fine- to medium-grained argillaceous limestone, occurs in middle part of formation; total thickness 20 feet in west, increases to feet in east.
Cambrian Jim Pond Formation, quartzwacke and pelite. Cambrian Jim Pond Formation siltstone, mudstone, and pelite. Devonian - Cambrian unnamed sedimentary rocks. Devonian Carrabassett Formation massive pelite member. Devonian Carrabassett Formation thinly layered member. Devonian Eastport Formation pelite member. Devonian - Ordovician Dideguash Formation. Devonian - Ordovician unnamed pelite. Devonian Seboomook Formation unnamed pelite. Devonian - Silurian Allagash Lake Formation mixed sedimentary rocks.
Devonian - Silurian Bell Brook Formation pelite member. Devonian - Silurian Calderwood Formation. Devonian - Silurian Fogelin Hill Formation. Devonian - Silurian Frost Pond Formation. Devonian - Silurian Rindgemere Formation lower member. Devonian - Silurian Rindgemere Formation lower member sulfidic pelite. Devonian - Silurian Rindgemere Formation upper member.
Devonian - Silurian Towow Formation. Devonian - Silurian unnamed sedimentary rocks. Ordovician Benner Hill Formation sulfidic pelite. Ordovician - Cambrian Cookson Formation lithic sandstone and pelite. Ordovician - Cambrian Cookson Formation sulfidic pelite. Ordovician - Cambrian Sawmill Formation. Ordovician - Cambrian Southeast Cove Formation. Ordovician - Cambrian unnamed sedimentary rocks.
Ordovician Kamankeag Formation pelite member. Ordovician Madawaska Lake Formation. Ordovician - Precambrian Z Cushing Formation sulfidic pelite. Ordovician - Precambrian Z interbedded pelite and quartz sandstone of the Passagassawakeag block. Ordovician - Precambrian Z Jewell Formation. Ordovician - Precambrian Z Macworth formation. Ordovician - Precambrian Z unnamed sedimentary rocks.
Ordovician Quimby formation pelite member. Ordovician unnamed quartz sandstone and pelite. Ordovician unnamed sandstone and pelite. Precambrian Z North Haven Formation. Precambrian Z Ogier Point Formation. Silurian Hardwood Mountain Formation. Silurian Leighton Formation pelite member. Silurian - Ordovician Carys Mills Formation pelite member. Silurian - Ordovician Mattawamkeag Formation. Silurian - Ordovician Nine Lake formation. Silurian - Ordovician unnamed pelite. Silurian - Ordovician unnamed sedimentary rocks.
Silurian - Ordovician unnamed sulfidic pelite. Silurian Quoddy formation pelite member. Portage Lake Volcanics Middle Proterozoic Portage Lake Volcanics - Lava flows, mostly basalt, andesite and felsite flows and subordinate interflow sedimentary rocks. Includes thin beds of carbonate-silicate iron-formation. Cambrian, undifferentiated Phanerozoic Paleozoic Cambrian Cambrian, undifferentiated: comprises Deadwood formation, in south-central Montana, and Red Lion formation, Dry Creek shale, Hasmark formation, Pilgrim limestone, Silver Hill formation, Park shale, Meagher limestone, Wolsey shale, Flathead quartzite, and other units.
In a few places quartzite of Cambrian age may be mapped with the Belt series or quartzite of Belt age with the Cambrian rocks. Cretaceous, undifferentiated: used in only a few areas, such as the Disturbed Belt east of Glacier National Park, where subdivision in difficult.
Eagle sandstone: sandstone and shaly sandstone with lignite beds in basal part of upper unit Keu. The Virgelle sandstone member Kvi at base is distinguished where possible.
Near Yellowstone National Park rocks incorrectly called Laramide in early reports and now regarded as roughly equivalent to the Eagle sandstone are tentatively mapped as Eagle sandstone.
Fox Hills sandstone: Typically shaly sandstone grading upward into massive brownish sandstone with white sandstone of the Colgate member locally at top. Greenhorn formation: mainly light-gray marl and calcareous shale. Hell Creek formation: somber-gray sandstone and greenish shaly clay and mudstone containing dinosaur bones; a few thin lignite and subbituminous coal beds.
Judith River formation: light-colored sandstone at top; lower third somber-gray siltstone and sandy shale; greenish-gray clay and some lignite beds; includes the Parkman sandstone member of south-central Montana.
Kootenai formation and associated rocks: conglomerate, sandstone, shale, and mudstone; purplish and green beds are common; mainly the Kootenai; in southern Montana includes strata that have been mapped as Cloverly formation. Includes Second Cat Creek and Third Cat Creek sands of drillers in central part of State; Sunburst sand of drillers in north-central part; and Cut Bank sand of drillers in western part. As here mapped, may locally include thin units of Jurassic age.
Lennep sandstone: mainly dark-brown andesitic sandstone with intercalated shale; locally contains thin coal beds. Paleozoic rocks, undifferentiated: in east-central Madison County where scale did not permit differentiation on map.
Pennsylvanian, undifferentiated: in western Montana is mainly the Quadrant quartzite but includes limestone and other rocks of Pennsylvanian age so far as present data permit. Farther east other formations of Pennsylvanian or possible Pennsylvanian age are included.
Mary River formation: Greenish-gray clay with local nodular limestone and crossbedded sandstone. Telegraph Creek formation: buff mainly soft, fissile sandy shale with subordinate amounts of concretionary sandstone.
Thermopolis shale: dark-gray shale with some sandstone. The subsurface consists of Muddy sandstone member or Newcastle sandstone member at top, Skull Creek shale member in middle, and Fall River sandstone or First Cat Creek sand of drillers at base. Willow Creek formation: Variegated clay and soft sandstone, chiefly maroon to chocolate brown; local lenses of purple-gray nodular limestone. North Carolina. Beaufort Formation, Undivided Tertiary Beaufort Formation, Undivided - Unnamed upper member: sand and silty clay, glauconitic, fossiliferous, and locally calcareous.
Jericho Run Member: siliceous mudstone with sandstone lenses, thin bedded; basal phosphatic pebble conglomerate. Cape Fear Formation - sandstone and sandy mudstone, yellowish gray to bluish gray, mottled red to yellowish orange, indurated, graded and laterally continuos bedding, blocky clay, faint cross-bedding, feldspar and mica common.
Middendorf Formation - sand, sandstone, and mudstone, gray to pale gray with an orange cast, mottled; clay balls and iron-cemented concretions common, beds laterally discontinuous, cross-bedding common. Chatham Group, Undivided - conglomerate, fanglomerate, sandstone, and mudstone. Conglomerate and fanglomerate shown by pattern. Cumnock Formation - sandstone and mudstone, gray to black; coal beds and carbonaceous shale.
Grades into Pekin and Sanford formations. Pekin Formation - conglomerate, sandstone, and mudstone. Sanford Formation - conglomerate, fanglomerate, sandstone, and mudstone. Cow Branch Formation - mudstone with minor sandstone, gray, laterally-continuous bedding. Intertongues with Stoneville and Pine Hall formations.
Dan River Group, Undivided - basin-margin conglomerate and sandstone, red to brown, interfingering with basin-center sandstone and mudstone, green to brown.
Conglomerate shown by pattern. Pine Hall Formation - sandstone, mudstone, and conglomerate, yellowish orange to brown. Stoneville Formation - conglomerate, sandstone, and mudstone, lenticular and laterally-gradational bedding. Predominantly interfingered fine- to coarse grained, poorly sorted, arkosic, fluvial deposits of light-gray, light-olive-gray, and grayish-green calcareous silt and sand, and locally poorly consolidated conglomerate, sandstone, and siltstone.
New Jersey. Bloomsburg Red Beds Upper Silurian Bloomsburg Red Beds White, High Falls Shale of previous usage - Grayish-red, thin- to thick-bedded, poorly to moderately well sorted, massive siltstone, sandstone, and local quartz-pebble conglomerate containing local planar to trough crossbedded laminations. Conglomerate consists of matrix-supported quartz pebbles in grayish-red, fine-grained sandstone matrix.
Locally, near base of unit, is greenish-gray, light-gray, or grayish-orange, massive, planar tabular to trough crossbedded quartz sandstone to siltstone with subrounded grains. Lower part of formation marked by several upward-fining sequences of light-gray sandstone grading through grayish-red, fine-grained sandstone and siltstone to grayish-red, mudcracked siltstone and mudstone.
Each sequence is 1 to 3 m ft thick. Lower contact placed at bottom of lowermost red sandstone. Thickness approximately m 1, ft. Boonton Formation Olsen, - Reddish-brown to brownish-purple, fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone; sandstone commonly micaceous, interbedded with siltstone and mudstone in fining-upward sequences mostly 1. Red, gray and brownish-purple siltstone and black, blocky, partly dolomitic siltstone and shale common in lower part.
Irregular mudcracks, symmetrical ripple marks, and burrows, as well as gypsum, glauberite, and halite pseudomorphs are abundant in red mudstone and siltstone. Gray, fine-grained sandstone may have carbonized plant remains and reptile footprints in middle and upper parts of unit.
Near Morristown, beds of quartz-pebble conglomerate unit Jbcq as much as 0. Northeast of Boonton, beds of quartz-pebble conglomerate not mapped separately as Jbcq occur locally with conglomerate containing abundant clasts of gneiss and granite in matrix of reddish-brown sandstone and siltstone. Maximum thickness is about m 1, ft. Feltville Formation - Mostly fine-grained, feldspathic sandstone, coarse siltstone, and silty mudstone, brownish-red to light-grayish-red.
Fine-grained sandstone is moderately well sorted, cross laminated, and contains 15 percent or more feldspar; interbedded with mudstone, indistinctly laminated, bioturbated, and calcareous in places. A thin bed m ft thick of black, microlaminated carbonaceous limestone and gray calcareous mudstone occurs near the base and contains fish and plant fossils, and thermally mature hydrocarbons.
Thickness of unit in the Sand Brook syncline is about m ft. Feltville Formation Olsen, - Interbedded brownish-red to light-grayish-red, fine- to coarse-grained sandstone, gray and black, coarse siltstone in upward-fining cycles, and silty mudstone.
Fine-grained sandstone and siltstone are moderately well sorted, commonly cross-laminated, and have 15 percent or more feldspar; interbedded with brownish-red, indistinctly laminated, bioturbated calcareous mudstone. Thermally metamorphosed into hornfels where in contact with Preakness Basalt.
Near the base are two thin, laterally continuous beds of black, carbonaceous limestone and gray, calcareous siltstone, each up to 3 m 10 ft thick. These contain abundant fish, reptile, anthropod, and diagnostic plant fossils. Three or four, thin, gray to black siltstone and mudstone sequences occur in upper part of unit.
Near Oakland, subrounded pebbles to cobbles of quartzite and quartz in a red siltstone and sandstone matrix Jfc interfinger with sandstone and siltstone of the Feltville Formation. Maximum thickness about m ft. Kanouse and Esopus Formations and Connelly Conglomerate, undivided - Kanouse Sandstone Kummel, - Medium-gray, light-brown, and grayish-red, fine- to coarse-grained, thin- to thick-bedded sparsely fossiliferous sandstone and pebble conglomerate. Basal conglomerate beds are interbedded with siltstone similar to the upper part of the Esopus Formation and contain well-sorted, subangular to subrounded, gray and white quartz pebbles less than 1 cm 0.
Lower contact gradational. About 14 m 46 ft thick. The degree of sorting of clasts can be an important indicator of depositional environment. In water, larger clasts are generally not transported great distances, and they settle faster.
For example, in a mixture of mud and sand being transported in a river to the sea, the sand larger clast size, heavier would begin to deposit as soon as the river's energy dissipated, while the mud fine, light-weight would be transported far off shore. Therefore, a well sorted clasts of approximately the same size , coarse sandstone indicates deposition in a reasonably high energy environment near-shore probably close to the source of the sand.
Conversely, a mudstone generally indicates deep water deposition low energy environment, far off shore. Structures produced during deposition, e. Skip to content Study with The Open University. Search for free courses, interactives, videos and more! Free Learning from The Open University. Featured content. Free courses. All content.
Mudstone Updated Thursday, 28th September A brief description of the nature of mudstone. Copyright: The Open University How is it formed? Get closer to geology. Geology toolkit Discover the unique landscape of the British Isles with our interactive Geology Toolkit, featuring a geology timeline, rock analyser, rock cycle, landscape features and safety tips. Take part now Geology toolkit.
Activity Level: 1 Introductory. Copyright information. Publication details Originally published : Wednesday, 27th September Last updated on : Thursday, 28th September Be the first to post a comment Leave a comment.
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